The Kelpie came into being in the late 19thcentury, probably around 1870. The sheep and wool industry in Australia was becoming big business, and ranchers needed tough dogs who could not only handle the unruly sheep but also the harsh environmental conditions and vast acreages. The Kelpie’s ancestors include the “Coley,” a British herding-type dog that may also have contributed to the development of theBorder Collie, the English Shepherd, and theAustralian Shepherd.