The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever was developed in Nova Scotia in the early 19th century to toll (or lure) and retrieve waterfowl. The tolling dog runs, jumps, and plays along the shoreline in full view of flocks of ducks, occasionally disappearing from sight and then quickly reappearing, aided by the hunter, who throws small sticks or a ball for the dog. The dog's playful actions arouse the curiosity of the ducks swimming offshore and they are lured within gunshot range. The Toller is subsequently sent out to retrieve the dead or wounded birds.
For more than a century, the Little River Duck Dog was a secret known only to the hunters of Yarmouth County. But in 1945, the Canadian Kennel Club recognized the breed and gave it a new name: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 2003. It currently ranks 107th among the breeds registered by the AKC.